For authors and publishers, understanding ISBN numbers for books is essential for successful publication and distribution. One of the most frequently asked questions in the publishing world is whether ISBNs can be resold. The straightforward answer is no—ISBNs are non-transferable. This article explores why reselling ISBN numbers is prohibited, the implications of violating this rule, and alternative solutions for authors and publishers managing their book identification needs.
What Is an ISBN?
An International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique 13-digit identifier assigned to each edition and format of a book (e.g., hardcover, paperback, eBook). It serves as a universal tracking system for retailers, libraries, and distributors, ensuring accurate cataloging and sales reporting. In the United States, Bowker is the official ISBN agency responsible for issuing these numbers.
Why ISBN Numbers Cannot Be Resold
Non-Transferable Ownership
ISBNs are registered to a specific publisher or author and cannot be legally sold or reassigned to another party. This rule exists to maintain accurate book records across global databases. If ISBNs were transferable, it would create confusion in the publishing supply chain, leading to mismatched metadata and potential legal disputes.
Permanent Metadata Association
Each ISBN is tied to critical book details, including:
- Title and subtitle
- Author name
- Publisher and imprint
- Format (e.g., paperback, eBook)
- Publication date
If an ISBN were resold, the original publisher’s information would still be linked to it in industry databases, causing inconsistencies for booksellers, libraries, and readers.
Violation of ISBN Agency Policies
The International ISBN Agency enforces strict guidelines prohibiting the resale or transfer of ISBNs. If an unauthorized transfer is detected, the ISBN may be deactivated, rendering any books associated with it unsellable through major distribution channels.
What Happens If You Change Publishers?
If an author moves to a new publisher or rebrands their self-publishing imprint, they cannot take their previously assigned ISBNs with them. The new publisher must issue fresh ISBNs for the books. However, existing editions will retain their original ISBNs in databases, ensuring historical sales data remains intact.
Legal and Practical Consequences of Reselling ISBNs
Attempting to resell ISBN numbers can lead to several issues:
Invalid Listings
Retailers like Amazon and Barnes & Noble may delist books with improperly transferred ISBNs.
Loss of Royalties
Without a valid ISBN, sales tracking becomes unreliable, potentially affecting royalty payments.
Legal Risks
Unauthorized resale could result in penalties from ISBN agencies or disputes with publishers.
Alternatives to Reselling ISBNs
Since ISBN numbers for books cannot be resold, authors and publishers should consider these alternatives:
Purchase ISBNs in Bulk
Buying ISBNs in larger quantities (e.g., 10, 100, or 1,000) significantly reduces the cost per unit. Bowker offers bulk discounts, making this a cost-effective solution for prolific authors or small presses.
Use a Publisher-Assigned ISBN
Traditional publishers provide ISBNs at no extra cost. If you’re working with a hybrid publisher, confirm whether they assign their own ISBNs or require you to purchase them separately.
Free ISBNs from Self-Publishing Platforms
Services like Amazon KDP and IngramSpark offer free ISBNs, but these come with limitations:
- The platform is listed as the publisher, restricting distribution to their network.
- You cannot use the same ISBN elsewhere (e.g., for a print version if the free ISBN was for an eBook).
Consider DOI for Digital Publications
While not a replacement for ISBNs, Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are useful for academic or frequently updated digital works.
Best Practices for Managing ISBNs
Plan Ahead
Purchase enough ISBNs for all planned formats (e.g., audiobook, large print).
Keep Records
Maintain a spreadsheet tracking which ISBNs are assigned to which titles.
Update Metadata Promptly
If revising a book, ensure the ISBN’s associated details are current in Bowker’s Books in Print database.
Final Thoughts
ISBNs are a cornerstone of the publishing industry, enabling seamless book distribution and sales tracking. While reselling ISBN numbers is prohibited, understanding the rules helps authors and publishers avoid pitfalls. Always acquire ISBNs through official agencies and consult your country’s ISBN provider for specific guidelines.
By adhering to these standards, you ensure your books remain accessible, traceable, and compliant with global publishing norms. Whether you’re a first-time author or an established publisher, proper ISBN management is key to long-term success in the book market.
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